In 1994 Donald Bitner.

In 1994 Donald Bitner, manager of corporate security for biotechnology giant Amgen, faced the kind of decision that security managers dread.

The Amgen access restrain system, which had been installed in 1984 probably wasn't the best regularity to go forward with.

upon the other hand, replacing the existing arrangement meant a major expense - an cost that would only grow as time passed and Amgen grew Replacing the connected view also promised a major headache: to what extent could such a change not disrupt Amgen's work?

of the like kind problems can paralyze a security manager. There are hazards of older security technologies public there, Bitner says. Many security managers hesitate to make changes because change expenses money and brings with it the possibility of disruption. With planning, however, you can make big changes and make them in a way that is transparent to staff.

What Bitner accomplished at Amgen shows his point. It took